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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread globally since late 2019, representing a formidable challenge to the world's healthcare systems, wreaking havoc, and spreading rapidly through human contact. With fever, fatigue, and a persistent dry cough being the hallmark symptoms, this disease threatened to destabilize the delicate balance of our global community. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is a prerequisite for understanding the number of confirmed cases in the world or a region, and an important factor in epidemic assessment and the development of control measures. It also plays a crucial role in ensuring that patients receive the appropriate medical treatment, leading to optimal patient care. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology is currently the most mature method for detecting viral nucleic acids, but it has many drawbacks. Meanwhile, a variety of COVID-19 detection methods, including molecular biological diagnostic, immunodiagnostic, imaging, and artificial intelligence methods have been developed and applied in clinical practice to meet diverse scenarios and needs. These methods can help clinicians diagnose and treat COVID-19 patients. This review describes the variety of such methods used in China, providing an important reference in the field of the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Humans , Artificial Intelligence , China , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19 TestingABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of injecting different drugs into pleural cavity for treating malignant pleural effusion.Methods:The clinical data of 214 patients with malignant pleural effusion from June 2014 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different treatment method, the patients were divided into simple drainage group(n=26), cisplatin group( n=55), endostar group( n=58), elemene emulsion group( n=30) and erythromycin group( n=45). The recent curative effect, life quality improvement, incidence of adverse reaction, hospitalization expense and the long term survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results:The recent overall effective rates of the five groups were 23.1%(6/26), 49.1%(27/55), 70.7%(41/58), 46.7%(14/30), 73.3%(33/45), respectively, there was statistically significant difference among the five groups(χ 2=24.20, P<0.05). The overall effective rates of the endostar group and the erythromycin group were obviously higher than those of the other three groups(all P<0.05). The live quality improvement rates of the five groups were 30.8%, 58.2%, 84.5%, 56.7% and 88.9%, respectively, there was statistically significant difference among the five groups (χ 2=37.20, P<0.05). The improvement rates of the endostar group and the erythromycin group were obviously higher than those of the other three groups(all P<0.05). In terms of adverse reaction, the incidence of adverse reaction of endostar group was the lowest, only a few patients presented chest pain, weakness, nausea and fever, the incidences were 3.4%, 8.6%, 5.1%, 3.4%, respectively, compared with the other groups, the differences were statistically significant(χ 2=12.40, 10.40, 36.60, 15.0, all P<0.05). The expense of the endostar group [(3 863.2±163.3)CNY] was obviously higher than those of the other groups ( F=124.48, P<0.05). The one-year survival rates of the five groups were 11.5%, 32.7%, 65.5%, 36.7% and 66.7%, respectively, there was statistically significant difference among the five groups (χ 2=28.70, P<0.05). The 2-year survival rates of the five groups were 3.8%, 5.5%, 13.8%, 6.7% and 15.6%, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference among the five groups(χ 2=5.28, P=0.26). The survival period of the four groups injected with different drugs were longer that of the than simple drainage group( F=54.40, P<0.05), the survival periods of the endostar group and the erythromycin group were obviously higher than those of the other groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Through injecting endostar or erythromycin into pleural cavity, the recent curative effect and forward survival rate of patients with malignant pleural effusion can be obviously improved, and the life quality of patients can be improved as well, therefore it is worthy of popularizing.Through comparing these two methods, the hospitalization expense of injecting erythromycin is lower, but the incidence rate of adverse reactions including pain and fever is higher, and the incidence rate of adverse reaction of injecting endostar is relatively lower, but the treatment expense is higher.
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This research focused on the doctors' changes based on the performance-payment reform from a district public hospital of Chongqing.The work compared the doctors' work efficiency,medical quality,scientific research,new technology and new project,cost control and patients burden.Performance-payment reform significantly activated doctors' self-study initiative and quality.The main running quotas of hospital,including stuff's positivity,work efficiency,medical quality,scientific research,new technology and new project,presented a better improvement trend.This not only reduced the patient cost burden,relieved the doctor-patient relationship,but also improved the hospital personnel cohesion,and strengthened the core competitiveness of the hospital.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patients with malignant pleural effusion treated with injecting endostar combined with platinum complexes into pleural cavity.Methods Cochrane systematic review methods were used in the data selection,and data were selected from the PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),WanFang,and VIP database to get all clinical controlled trials.The retrieval time was August 2014.The objects of these randomized controlled trials were malignant pleural effusion patients.Endostar combination with platinum complexes was used for the experimental group.Platinum complexes alone were used for the control group.The efficacy and adverse effects of two groups were compared.The quality of included trials was evaluated by two reviewers independently.The software RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analyses.Results Nine trials with 488 patients were included according to the including criterion.All trials were randomized controlled trials,one of them had B level in quality and eight had C level.Meta analysis results were as follows:there was significant difference in overall effective rate (OR =3.52,95％ CI =2.37 ～ 5.22),Karnofsky (KPS) score changes rate (OR =2.64,95％ CI =1.67 ～ 4.19),between endostar combination with platinum complexes and platinum complexes alone group.The incidences of severe leucopenia (OR =1.0,95％ CI =0.62 ～ 1.61) and nausea and vomiting (OR =0.77,95％ CI =0.43 ～ 1.38) were similar in the endostar combination with platinum complexes group compared to those in the platinum complexes alone group.Conclusions In the treatment of malignant pleural effusion,injecting endostar in combination with platinum complexes into pleural cavity improves the effective rate without obviously raised side effects.Owing to the small sample size and poor quality of included trials,more well-designed double-blinded randomized controlled trials should be performed.
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Objective To explore the effect of combination therapy of aminoglycosides with other antibiotics on reducing the mutant selective window of Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods Three aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, tobramycin, netilmicin)and four frequently used antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical practice (cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem-cilastatin,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)were studied.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC1 9606 were determined by E-test.The mutant prevention concentrations of the four antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii alone or in combination with aminoglycosides were determined by agar dilution method.The selective index was calculated. The effect of aminoglycosides on mutant selective window of Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated according to the change of selective index after combination. Results The selective index of cefoperazone-sulbactam,imipenem-cilastatin,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against A.baumannii ATCC19606 was 16,>32, 16 and 32.When combined with amikacin,the selective index was 1,2,4 and 4,respectively.When combined with tobramycin,the index was 2,2,8 and 8,respectively.When combined with netilmicin,the index was 2,4,8 and 16, respectively. Conclusions The mutant prevention concentration of the four antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii is significantly reduced when combined with any of the three aminoglycosides,which is helpful to decrease the incidence of mutants and control resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amikacin-based combination shows the most evident effect on reducing the mutant selective window of Acinetobacterbaumannii.
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To study chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from roots of Machilus yaoshansis. Fifteen compounds were separated from the roots of M. yaoshansis by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data as twelve lignans(+)-guaiacin (1), kadsuralignan C (2), (+)-isolariciresinol (3), 5'-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol (4), (7'S, 8R, 8'R)-lyoniresinol (5), meso-secoisolariciresinol (6), isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (7), 5'-methoxy-isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (8), lyoniresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (9), (2R, 3R) -2, 3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran (10), 3, 5'-dimethoxy-4', 7-epoxy-8, 3'-neolignan-4, 9, 9'-triol (11), nectandrin B (12), and three flavanes(+)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), and bis-8, 8'-catechinylmethane (15). All of the compounds 1-15 were separated from M. yaoshansis for the first time.
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Butylene Glycols , Chemistry , Catechin , Chemistry , Lauraceae , Chemistry , Lignans , Chemistry , Lignin , Chemistry , Naphthols , Chemistry , Plant Roots , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linezolid in empirical treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) pneumonia. Methods One hundred and thirty-five hospitalized patients with MSR pneumonia receiving linezolid from April 2009 to October 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study, and all subjects were assigned to two groups: 75 cases with empirical treatment (linezolid 0. 6 g by infusion q12h at admission) , and 60 cases with objective treatment (linezolid after the sputum culture). The severity score, clinical effect and adverse effect were observed, and the therapeutic effects in patients with high risk factors were especially evaluated. SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The scores were decreased significantly after finishing therapeutic causes for 3 and 7 days in both groups (tempirical =12.29 and 16.53, tobjective =9.36 and 11.49, P 0.05 ). In the patients with high risk factors, the effective rates of two groups were 86. 8% (33/38) and 63. 6% (14/22) , and the difference was significant (x2 =4.42, P 0. 05). Conclusion Linezolid can be used as empirical treatment for MRS pneumonia with rapid symptoms relieve and high efficacy, especially for patients with high risk.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate chemical constituents from an ethanolic extract of the branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana (Oleaceaue)</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four phenolic and twelve phenylethanoidal glycosides were obtained and their structures were identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), osmanthuside H (5), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), calceolarioside B (10), calceolarioside A (11), ferruginoside A (12), isolugrandoside (13), acteoside (14), chiritotoside C (15), and plantasisoside (16).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-4,9,12, 13 and 16 were obtained from the genus Fraxinus for the first time.</p>
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Ethanol , Chemistry , Fraxinus , Chemistry , Glycosides , Chemistry , Phenol , Chemistry , Plant Stems , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study whether the ciprofloxacin(CIP)combined with amikacin(AMK)will decrease the drug-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli(ECO)in vitro.METHODS The MIC of CIP and AMK alone was determined by agar plates dilution method,and the combined MIC by checkerboard method.The mutant prevention concentration(MPC)both alone and combined was determined by the method of agar plates dilution method,and then the value of selectiveity index(SI)(MPC/MIC)would be acquired.RESULTS The SI of two antibiotics separatedly were 16(CIP)and 32(AMK).When two antibiotics combined,if the concentration of AMK and CIP reached 2MIC could restrain the mutants.After these two antibiotics combined,the value of SI(MPCcombined/MICcombined)came to be 8(0.008/0.001)and 8(2.0/0.25).CONCLUSIONS Compared with alone,CIP and AMK combined can decrease the MPC and SI to ECO,and have the more effect to AMK.In this way,we can reduce the drug-resistant mutants.
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Objective To study the relationship between changes of contents of serum free-triiodothyronine(FT 3),Free-thyroxine(FT 4) and liver cirrhosis,and analyse it's clinical significanec.Methods The concentration of serum FT 3 and FT 4 were determined by radioimmunoassay in 69 patients with liver cirrhosis,compared with liver function classification(Child-Pugh).Results Contents of serum FT 3,FT 4 in cirrhosis patients were markedly lower than that of controls(P
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32,16,16.Combined with azithromycin were8,16,16,8.MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with AMK were 1,4,8.AMK combined with CIP were 4.Conclusion Compared with sole,MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with azithromycin can reduce the MPC and SI of antibiotics alone to pseudomonas aeruginosa and restrain the drug-resistant mutants.But the capacity of preventing mutants arise were weaker than combined with AMK.AMK combined with azithromycin can't reduce the SI.But when combined with CIP,the SI of AMK were reduced greatly.
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0.05).There was significant difference in time of treatment and severeness score after three days and seven days(P